Legal Constraints Regarding the Usage of Customer Data :: essays research papers

1. PRIVACY WANTED 3 2. THE REGULATION – EU DIRECTIVE AND THE CAN SPAM ACT 3 2.1. Safe Harbor 4 2.1.1 Opt-in or Opt-out? 4 1. Privacy wanted Most of us have already asked ourselves who all owns the information about our name, our address and telephone number or the amount we keep in our checking account. Instinctively we feel that our names and other personal information belong to us and dislike the thought that someone else could profit from marketing them. However, it is the obvious reality that it happens very often. It is enough to look at our mailboxes to see big amounts of unsolicited mails with various kinds of offers for a number of products and services. Clearly, customer information is seen as a business asset that is acquired and utilized aggressively. To understand the dimensions of the privacy debate, it is valuable to remember that e-commerce allows marketers to advertise goods and services ever more accurately, in an increasingly personalized manner. Rather than relying on demographic statistics that lump consumers into broad target groups, or collating credit card purchasing data into marketing profiles, the Internet allows businesses to track profiles and information provided directly by the consumer — and then create automated marketing programs tailored specifically to that customer. By monitoring clicks made on the Web and leaving behind "cookies" on the computer to help the system remember an individual, marketers can gather a startling amount of personal information with which to sell goods and services. There is a lot of talk about the desired level of privacy regarding the wide range of customer data held by businesses. The consumers are becoming more displeased by marketers buying and selling their personal information, while at the same time the rise of e-commerce has raised fears about this issue, due to the ease with which all types of sensitive data may be gathered, copied, shared, and misused via the Internet. In response, the European governments have passed tough laws regulating how businesses manage and share personal information — including a prohibition on sharing data with businesses located in countries that fail to provide adequate data protection. Given the far less restrictive policies on privacy in the US, many in the business community feared that the new laws would effect e-commerce between the US and Europe. 2. The Regulation – EU Directive and the CAN Spam Act The view on how much protection consumers deserve regarding their data and how much control should they be allowed in the way businesses use that data depends on where one lives. Legal Constraints Regarding the Usage of Customer Data :: essays research papers 1. PRIVACY WANTED 3 2. THE REGULATION – EU DIRECTIVE AND THE CAN SPAM ACT 3 2.1. Safe Harbor 4 2.1.1 Opt-in or Opt-out? 4 1. Privacy wanted Most of us have already asked ourselves who all owns the information about our name, our address and telephone number or the amount we keep in our checking account. Instinctively we feel that our names and other personal information belong to us and dislike the thought that someone else could profit from marketing them. However, it is the obvious reality that it happens very often. It is enough to look at our mailboxes to see big amounts of unsolicited mails with various kinds of offers for a number of products and services. Clearly, customer information is seen as a business asset that is acquired and utilized aggressively. To understand the dimensions of the privacy debate, it is valuable to remember that e-commerce allows marketers to advertise goods and services ever more accurately, in an increasingly personalized manner. Rather than relying on demographic statistics that lump consumers into broad target groups, or collating credit card purchasing data into marketing profiles, the Internet allows businesses to track profiles and information provided directly by the consumer — and then create automated marketing programs tailored specifically to that customer. By monitoring clicks made on the Web and leaving behind "cookies" on the computer to help the system remember an individual, marketers can gather a startling amount of personal information with which to sell goods and services. There is a lot of talk about the desired level of privacy regarding the wide range of customer data held by businesses. The consumers are becoming more displeased by marketers buying and selling their personal information, while at the same time the rise of e-commerce has raised fears about this issue, due to the ease with which all types of sensitive data may be gathered, copied, shared, and misused via the Internet. In response, the European governments have passed tough laws regulating how businesses manage and share personal information — including a prohibition on sharing data with businesses located in countries that fail to provide adequate data protection. Given the far less restrictive policies on privacy in the US, many in the business community feared that the new laws would effect e-commerce between the US and Europe. 2. The Regulation – EU Directive and the CAN Spam Act The view on how much protection consumers deserve regarding their data and how much control should they be allowed in the way businesses use that data depends on where one lives.

LAN-Based Voting System

3.0 Employee Registration System for Mustang Security Agency Inc. The proposed system was used to correct the deficiency that the manual filing process has. The system gives an accurate result. It also provides printable information of the employees and also on their previous assigned companies.3.1 System Overview The following were the different modules of the proposed system and its capabilities with regards to registration process.Registration Module This module allows the staff of the HR to register the new applied security guard.Client Module This module allows the HR to register the companies that asking for their service.Employee Track Record Module This module allows the HR to save the employment record of the security guards on their assigned companies.3.2 System Objectives The following were the different deliverables that the system had: Provided an accurate search result.The proposed system has a module that gave an exact result when it comes in searching employee informa tion.Printable Employee Information The employee registration system generates a printable employee information.Every employee has unique employee ID The system provided a unique employee ID for easily tracking of records.The System has image capturing The system had a image capturing features for easily identifying the employees.3.3 System Scope and Limitations The system was bounded with different deliverables that defined the scope and limitations of the system.The system included the following functions: Printable Employee InformationThe system can print the information and employment track records of theemployees..Image Capturing Features The system used an image capturing features to identify the employees easily.The system doesn’t cover the attendance monitoring and payroll of the employees it only serves as registration system to easily find files of the employees.3.4 Physical Environment Resources The following were the different physical resources to be used in the development of the proposed system.Hardware Specification The following were the different hardware used both in the development and implementation of the proposed system.Computer Server 1 GB memory Webcam Switch/Router UTP cablesSoftware Specification The system used several softwares both for the development and implementation of the system.Visual Basic 6.0 This software was used for the main design of the system interface.Microsoft Access This software was used for the database of the system.3.5 Architectural DesignThe researchers used different architectural designs in both developing and in implementing the proposed system. These designs helped the researchers in coming up with an accurate a reliable system. The Dataflow Diagram was used to identify the different flows of data in every process of the system in order to come up with an accurate result. This diagram was used to depict the main flow of the system which was used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system. En tity Relationship Diagram (ERD) was used to determine the relationship between entities and database attributes.This was used to  identify the data needed in the database and the different primary keys and foreign keys. The Data Dictionary was used to identify the different data structures needed in the database. These data allowed the researchers in properly normalizing the database and in designing the database accurately. System flowchart was used to determine the overview of the system’s flow, the different reports and different output displayed that verifies it with the data flow diagram.4.0 Design and ImplementationAfter the researchers gathered pertinent data and used several instruments, the development of the proposed system was done accurately and correct. The data flow diagram was used to guide the researchers in identifying the main flow of the data. The respondents were asked to accurately input data to the system particularly with. This was a common problem wi th manual entry of employee information. The system was developed using a carefully designed entity relationship diagram, it was considered as the back-bone of the system.The database structure followed as specified to guarantee the accuracy of data during entry. The researchers followed what was specified. During the completion of the system, it was tested to identify if the needs and set deliverables were met. The main problem that the researchers had encountered in the system was the integration of the webcam device.

Eating Disorders (the Black Swan)

The main character Nina Sayers has a sever eating disorder. In her attempts to be the perfect ballerina, she is both anorexic and bulimic. She does not eat anything and if she does she later throws it up. For example, for breakfast she was forced to eat a grapefruit but is later shown in the bathroom throwing it up. When she gets the part in the play she worked so hard for, her mother buys a cake in celebration – only to be put to waste since Nina refuses to eat it. In the movie, she provides an example of what can happen when an eating disorder completely takes over.She becomes so pleased with the positive feelings she feels when she looks at herself in the mirror, that she only tries to love her image more. This habit begins a downward spiral into eating less and less. In The Black Swan, Nina is portrayed as the best dancer of her company. Until some competition, Lily arrives and Nina views her as a huge threat. This causes Nina extreme stress and she develops the idea that Lily is out to get her and take her position as best dancer. Since extreme starvation of the body leads to cognitive distortions, threats are commonly amplified.Nina feels extremely threated and like her spot as best dancer is at risk. She then feels even more of a need to have the perfect body and to be a perfect dancer. Since she does not eat enough, her brain and body do not receive appropriate amounts of nutrients. The lack of nutrients puts her in a state of high stress and her brain does not think clearly or logically. It distorts her surroundings giving her a warped image of herself when looking in the mirror. She sees herself as much larger than she actually is. She compares herself to everything and everyone around her.Not only does her eating disorder hurt her mentally but also it physically affects other parts of her body. When feeling the urge to eat, she claws at her skin on her back where it can be covered by clothes. Nina’s fingers are also covered with bandage s to conceal her skin she carelessly peals away. The thought of becoming a perfect ballerina literally begins to kill her. Although Nina never sought help, there are plenty of ways she could have. Cognitive-behavioral therapy or group therapy would both have been very helpful for her situation.Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on current behavior rather than childhood or past experiences. The therapists typically address ways their patients should change the way they think and behave, assign homework, and offer strategies of how to change them for the better. Group therapy also would have been an effective way to treat Nina’s eating disorder. If she went to group therapy and saw that other people were going through the same thing as her and got better, it would have encouraged her that she could do the same.

Audit Evidence

Evidence – information used by the auditor to draw conclusions on the fair presentation of the financial statements. Audit objectives suggest the types of evidence to accumulate. II. Decisions on evidence accumulation A. Which audit procedures to use. General Objectives: Six TRAOs Eight BRAOs Four PDAOs Accounting Cycles: Five Management Assertions Specific Objectives: At least: Six TRAOs Eight BRAOs Four PDAOs Audit Procedures: At least one and likely more for each specific TRAO, BRAO, PDAOs Audit procedures frequently â€Å"cover† more than one audit objective! Select a sample of sales invoices and trace to the shipping document agreeing name and quantity. Preparation Question: What is an audit procedure? B. What sample size to select for a given procedure. C. Which items to select from the population. D. When to perform the procedures (timing). III. Audit Program Preparation Question: What is an audit program? IV. Persuasiveness of evidence Which audit procedures: A. Appropriateness 1. Relevance Example: Trace from sales invoices in the Sales Journal to shipping documents. B. Reliability 1. Independence of provider – 2. Effectiveness of client’s internal control structure (strong vs. weak) 3. Auditor’s direct knowledge 4. Qualifications of provider 5. Objectivity What sample size and which items: C. Sufficient 1. Likelihood of misstatements 2. Quality of internal control When to perform D. Timeliness Other factors: E. Combined effect F. Cost 2 V. Type of Evidence Preparation question: Enter key words that define each of the types of evidence listed. Type Definition Grade 1. Physical examination 2. Confirmation 3. Documentation: External Internal – good Internal – bad 4. Analytical procedures: Tailored Broad 5. Inquiries of the client 6. Recalculation 7. Reperformance 8. Observation In-class exercise: Audit Procedure 1. Examine supporting documents for cash disbursements several days before and after year-end. 2. Examine the acquisitions and cash disbursements journals for the last few days of the current period and first few days of the succeeding period, looking for large or unusual transactions. 3. Trace from the general ledger trail balance and supporting documentation to determine whether accounts payable, related parties, and other related assets and liabilities are properly included on the financial statements. 4. For liabilities that are payable in a foreign currency, determine the exchange rate and check calculations. 5. Discuss with the bookkeeper whether any amounts included on the accounts payable list are due to related parties, debit balances, or notes payable. 6. Obtain vendors’ statements from the controller and reconcile to the listing of accounts payable. 7. Obtain vendors’ statements directly from vendors and reconcile to the listing of account payable. 8. Obtain a list of accounts payable. Re-add and compare with the general ledger. Type of Evidence BRAOs 3 Example of writing/creating audit procedures: Situation: The following depicts the document flow for sales for a typical company. Customer/ Sales Order Bill of Lading Sales Invoice Sales Journal General Ledger Financial Statements General Objective TRAO – Occurrence Specific Objective Audit Procedures TRAO – Completeness See Table 7-6 (p. 187) for good â€Å"buzz† words to use when constructing an audit procedure.

The Validity of The Persistent Offender Rule in International Law by Essay

The Validity of The Persistent Offender Rule in International Law by Omar Abasheikh - Essay Example It would be tantamount to an international crime to claim that the words offender and objector may be used interchangeably. Even in common parlance, â€Å"object† and â€Å"offend† does not share the same meaning, although sometimes, the person to whom an objection was made may take an offense out of it. An objecting state is not necessarily offending the customary international laws in place and in full force and effect among the community of states. The author creates a crime out of a perfectly normal and natural thing to do for a sovereign state. How could the author have missed this small yet very important point? Apparently, there was a mistake somewhere between the writing of the paper and the formulation of the title. A paper’s title is supposed to give the readers some idea about the body of the paper. But in this case, the title has become a cause for confusion because it is a totally different concept than the rest of the paper. Inconsistent Thesis Lest this review be regarded as a headhunt for flaws, the author is lauded for the extensive research he has done about the subject. He dug through cases and books as is evident in the amount of information and data that the paper contains. But enormous amounts of data are meaningless unless they are served and digested into coherent and logical conclusions. At one point, the author merely presented several opposing or corroborating statements without bothering to mention which one prevails pursuant to exiting international laws or jurisprudence from the International Court of Justice. But then again, the paper has no thesis statement, and if there was any, it was ambiguous and difficult to ascertain. Based on the title, the author is expected to make a stand as to... The research paper "The validity of the persistent offender rule in international law" begins with an introduction to the topic. The author analyzes logical mistakes of Omar Abasheikh in description of "persistent offender rule" and criticizes the title of the paper, which doesn't fit to the sense of the research. After that the author shows advantages and disadvantages in the approach of the author and comes to interesting conclusions. In the end the author sums up that â€Å"consent, whether express or tacit, is required for the formation of customary international law†1 and the persistent objector rule is a necessary and accepted feature of the system that works for the unique social setup of the international community of states. The persistent objector rule is a necessary tool that allows each state to tailor the international law to their particular needs and maximize their benefits. Overall, the author deserves recognition for the amount of time and effort he had put into the paper. No one can deny the fact that he had presented a good volume of pertinent facts and information in the paper. However, the article is not without flaws, starting off with the wrong choice of word in the paper’s title. Then there is the lack of a clear thesis statement and inconsistent theories. The reader would get lost in translation amid the legal terminologies used in the paper. Nevertheless, the paper was very informative and could serve as a jump off point for further and in depth research into the subject.

Forum on Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forum on Congress - Essay Example The introduction of the bill to the houses is followed by reference of the bill to a special committee by the speaker of the house and Senate’s leader. The committees are given time to study the bill and sub-committees are invited to amend or add on to the bill after approval by the house (Smith et. al., 2007). The committee of house rules later receives the new bill and sets the limits and rules for the bill. The committee of house rules hands the bill to the house and senate. The house considers the rules attached, and after approving them, debate on the bill kicks off. The period for debate and amendment of the bill is not specified (Dewhirst & Rausch, 2007). A conference committee receives the bill after a vote by the house and the senate and harmonizes the changes made by the house with those of the senate. The house and the senate approve the harmonized bill and votes on it. The bill is then handed to the president to either approve or disapprove it. The president can automatically sign the bill if satisfied with it. It is within the president’s discretion to veto the bill or decline to sign the bill. If the congress is in session, vetoing the bill or declining to sign it renders it a law after the lapse of ten days (Smith et. al., 2007). The president can pocket veto the bill if the congress is going on recession thereby killing the

Employment Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment Law Master - Case Study Example In fact, gross misconduct which may merit instant dismissal requires acts such as failure to comply with reasonable and lawful instructions, theft, sale or consumption of alcohol, physical assault, breach of duty of confidentiality, sexual or racial harassment, fighting, willful damage to an employers property, or attending work under the influence of prohibited drugs. The mentioned acts may not be exclusive but it has always been lawful that a proper investigation must be conducted of which the employees may also appeal. Parveen and Joshua may take into consideration previous similar instances when an accident occurred due to failure of employees to follow procedure as that of another employee Jake in November 2003 where Jakes failure caused explosion and injury of other employees. Jake was warned twice prior to dismissal. Other cases were also noted by Praveen, and she may state these in her appeal. As provided for by the United Kingdom Employment Act of 2002, a worker is dismissed or had an employment end with or without notice. This may be applicable when a fixed-term contract was not renewed or when an employer forced the worker to retire. In the case of Parveen and Joshua, appears to have been victims of unfair dismissal as both employees still want to return to their jobs and that dismissal was not due to expiration or non-renewal of their contract. Parveen and Joshua may both push for unfair dismissal due to the consequences brought forth by the accident of which they were involved. In this matter, the employer has to prove that due process has been undertaken prior to dismissal of both employees. There are two ways to show that a dismissal was not unfair, of which the employer must have a valid reason for dismissing an employee or that they have acted reasonably in the circumstances in that an adequate investigation must have been conducted prior to dismissal. The employer was required to have taken the statutory minimum disciplinary procedure required by law in order to dismiss the employees legally. The employer could have sent a written notice to both employees stating the ground or conduct that led them to disciplinary action. It also may contain the reason why the employer has the ground to discipline Praveen and Joshua. In matters where the reason may be of weight, the employer could have suspended both Parveen and Joshua prior to dismissal